Otitis is a disease that affects both four-legged animals and humans. In cats, this condition can be especially uncomfortable and harmful if not detected and treated in time. It causes very annoying symptoms, such as pain, itching or even hearing loss. Therefore, it is crucial to know how to identify it and know its causes, symptoms, types and available treatments to solve the problem as soon as possible.
Throughout this article, you will learn How to know if your cat has otitis and you will discover detailed information about this feline condition. We will also provide you with tips on how to prevent it and improve your pet's quality of life.
What is otitis
Otitis is defined as inflammation of the epithelium (tissue that covers the inner surface of the ear canal) and sometimes of the auricle. This problem can progressively affect more than just the outer ear and involve the middle and even the inner ear, making treatment more complicated.
This condition can be due to multiple causes, such as bacterial infections, fungi, mites, allergies, trauma or the presence of foreign bodies in the cat's ear. In addition, environmental factors such as increased temperature and humidity in spring and summer can promote their appearance.
Causes of otitis in cats
Factors that can trigger otitis in cats include:
- Mites: Ear mites, such as Otodectes cynotis, are responsible for a large number of cases of otitis in cats. This problem is more common in young cats.
- Strange bodies: Cats that have access to the outdoors may experience twigs, spikes or leaf fragments getting into their ears, causing irritation and inflammation.
- Bacterial and fungal infections: Especially if the cat has a weakened immune system or after bathing it without drying it properly.
- Allergies: They can be triggered by foods, medications or environmental allergens, facilitating the appearance of otitis.
- Excess humidity: It can occur when bathing them or due to favorable environmental conditions.
- Predisposing factors: Cats with long hair, narrow ear canals, or systemic diseases such as diabetes and metabolic problems are at higher risk of developing otitis.
Types of otitis
Identifying the type of otitis affecting your cat is crucial to determining the appropriate treatment. The main types are:
- External otitis: This is the most common type of ear canal, which affects the external auditory canal, from the auricle to the eardrum. It is usually resolved without major complications with prompt treatment.
- Otitis media: It usually develops when otitis externa is not treated properly. In this case, the inflammation reaches the middle ear, which can complicate recovery.
- Internal otitis: This is the most serious type of earache and affects the inner ear, where the organs responsible for balance and hearing are located. It can lead to severe neurological problems if not treated quickly.
Symptoms of otitis in cats
The signs that indicate a cat may be suffering from otitis can vary depending on the cause and severity of the case. However, there are some symptoms common ones you should look out for:
- Frequent head shaking or constant head tilting.
- Intense scratching of the ears, even causing wounds.
- Presence of dark earwax or purulent discharge in the ear.
- Bad smell coming from the ear canal.
- Red and swollen areas around the earlobe.
- Loss of balance, such as staggering when walking (Read more about this here).
- Apathy, irritability or aggressive behavior (more information here).
Diagnosis and treatment
If you suspect your cat has otitis, it is essential to go to the vet to confirm the diagnosis and begin appropriate treatment. The veterinarian will perform a comprehensive review which may include:
- Visual assessment of the auricle and ear canal with an otoscope.
- Taking samples of secretions for microscopic analysis, bacterial culture or allergy testing.
- Additional tests if underlying diseases are suspected, such as metabolic problems or serious infections.
Treatment will depend on the specific cause of the otitis and may include:
- Topical medications: Antibacterial, antifungal or antiparasitic drops.
- Systemic treatment: Such as antibiotics, antifungals or anti-inflammatories administered orally or by injection.
- Ear cleaning: Your veterinarian can perform this procedure in the office to remove accumulated dirt and earwax. He or she will also tell you how to maintain hygiene at home.
- Surgical interventions: In extreme cases, such as the presence of polyps or tumors that obstruct the ear canal.
Preventing otitis in cats
The best way to avoid otitis is through prevention. Here are some tips key recommendations:
- Perform regular checks on the condition of your cat's ears.
- Maintain proper ear canal cleanliness with products recommended by your veterinarian.
- Avoid contact with other animals that are infested with mites or that may transmit infections.
- Dry ears thoroughly after bathing to prevent moisture build-up.
- Consult your veterinarian about the use of specific antiparasitic products.
Otitis in cats is a common disease that, if detected early, can be treated effectively, avoiding serious complications. Maintain your pet's hearing health with regular reviews, proper hygiene and prompt attention to any warning signs will ensure your well-being and quality of life.