Cats are animals that have lived with us for at least 3.000 years, since the time when the Egyptian civilization worshipped numerous gods and adored the Pharaoh. During that time, these small felines they began to see themselves as an ally of humans against pests, like mice and other types of rodents that ate the corn they had in the barns.
Thus, the farmers soon saw in the furry creature a companion, a friend. And, little by little but steadily, the human-cat relationship It began to take root. But what is it about these animals that we love so much? What makes a cat the way it is? In this special feature, you'll discover the general characteristics of cats And the science-backed benefits of sharing your life with one (or more). If you find we've missed any, feel free to mention them.
Origin and history of the domestic cat
The origin of our friend, the truth is that it's still a mystery not fully resolved. While the theory that it descends from Felis sylvestris lybicaThe African wild cat, more commonly known as the African wild cat, is the most widely accepted, but the reality is that there are still experts who qualify this idea and point to the contribution of other wild cat populations.
If we accept this theory, then the cat that sleeps on our sofa would date back, as we mentioned at the beginning, to the time of Ancient Egypt. In this magnificent land, these animals became so adored and beloved that they reached the category of goddess, whom they called Bastet, a symbol of home protection, fertility and harmony.
Other theories suggest that the domestic cat also descends from felis ornate, who lives between India and Pakistan. Supporters of it say The brain volume of this feline species is more similar to that of the domestic cat.Today, the modern domestic cat is considered to be the result of a gradual domestication process involving several populations of wild cats from different regions.
Be that as it may, we are dealing with an animal that has had to We have struggled a lot to get to where we are today.For centuries they have been associated with good luck, but also with mystery and even superstition. Nowadays, it seems that they have forgotten—thankfully—all that they have had to endure.
Perhaps due to the ignorance of those times, perhaps for other reasons, they were persecuted during the medieval period. until bringing them almost to extinction throughout the European continent. The reason? It was believed that they were children of the devil, something that in a period as religious as that led you directly to the stake, among other fatal destinations. As the feline population dwindled, the rodent population increased, and the plague was not long in coming. When that happened, the poor cats were also accused of being carriers of this terrible disease.
But the years passed, and little by little people began to trust them again. We imagine it was quite difficult for them, as it couldn't have been easy to stop believing in something they had believed in for centuries. However, the cat managed to pull through because it always remained, even in the worst of times. there was someone who supported and protected themMerchants, sailors, farmers, and animal lovers understood that they were essential allies for pest control and silent guardians of grain stores.
As time passed, the cat left integrating into homes not only as a rodent hunter, but as a companion. Today the Patas It is present in millions of homes around the world and has become one of the most popular pets, not only for its beauty and elegance, but for the enormous benefits it brings to people's physical and emotional health.
The cat as a predatory animal
Thus, he came to our days safe and sound, and with many, many things to offer us. But ... is it still a predatory animal? The answer is yes. In fact, never stopped being. The Patas It was designed by evolution for the hunting small rodents and birdsEven the most domesticated cat retains that instinct intact.
Let's find out why:
- Its eyes, which can be brown, green or blue, come great at night: while we would only see the profile of an object, he can distinguish details. However, the human being sees much better during the day than the feline, since it only sees greenish tones, blue and light blue.
- Su sense of hearing It is very developed. You can hear the sound of a mouse from about 7 meters awaySomething that is impossible for humans to perceive. Furthermore, it is capable of detecting very high frequencies that go unnoticed by our ears.
- He is an excellent tightrope walkerIts body is slender and flexible, allowing it to stand upright in high places. Furthermore, its tail also helps it maintain balance and correct its posture during jumps and falls.
- Thanks to the characteristics of its legs, it can approach its prey even a few meters to hunt it down. This is because the cat, when walking, supports the weight of your body on your fingersand not in the "hand"; that way, it doesn't make noise. Its ear pads are soft and quiet.
These features are in addition to a very sensitive sense of smell which allows it to detect smells that we cannot even perceive, and whiskers (vibrissae) that function as real sensors: with them it measures space, detects air currents and perceives the presence of obstacles or prey even in the dark.
But ... what happens when our friend goes outside and brings us dead animals? Okay, I think it's time to unveil another mystery: the domesticated ... we areYes, yes, it may sound strange to you —it did to me when they told me—, since after all, it was we who decided to live with one —or several— of them, and it is our name that appears on the property deeds.
However, even if this is the case, the human-cat relationship can be viewed from the person's perspective or from the feline's perspective. And he believes your house is actually his. For this reason, every day spend some time quitting your pheromones on furniture, on clothes… and on humans. It rubs against you, against corners, and against anything it considers important to include in its “safe territory.”
So, I'm very sorry to tell you this, but we belongBut don't worry, he will never see us as a "material object," but always, he will always do it like someone from his familyAnd he's not going to let his family go hungry. It's not in his genes. He may be a solitary or independent species, but he's learned that he can trust the human he has at home. When he brings you prey, he's actually putting his instinct into practice. share food with your social group and teach you, in his own way, how to hunt.
The sociability of the cat
And now we get into the whole topic of the sociability of our catsWell, a stray cat, born and raised on the street, will most likely stay away from humans. but not from other catsIn fact, if we look at a colony of street cats, we will always see a group of between 5 and 9 specimens, perhaps more, that go together.
As we know, they are very territorial, but the conditions are so harsh that they lean on each other to survive. They share resources, protect each other from threats, and, in many cases, help care for the kittens. Even when a new cat wants to join this social group, this family, there may be squabbles or fights, but in most cases, it will eventually be accepted after a while, the duration of which will vary depending on the temperament of the stronger cats.
Note, it's important to know that these animals they do not live in a herdTherefore, there are no dominant or submissive individuals like in wolves; instead, cats, based on age or strength, "decide" whether or not to accept the "intruder." This task is usually carried out by adult males, as females are more focused on finding food for their kittens and protecting the nests.
Now, we must know that a stray cat will not want to live inside a house With humans, for the following reason: they weren't accustomed to them as babies, therefore, they are afraid of these conditions and will flee. These animals must be kept outdoors, otherwise they will end up with serious behavioral problems, intense stress, and defensive behaviors.
Otherwise, we have those furry ones that have socialized from puppyhood with human beings. With any of them we will have very fun and endearing moments, because they will love to be with usIn fact, they can be so sociable that they'll even wait for you behind the door, be your alarm clock every morning, and make you burst out laughing when you catch them up to mischief. They're experts at getting into boxes, hiding in unexpected places, and turning any object into a toy.
Anyway. There are many memories that I advise you to capture with your camera, because they grow up very fastalmost without you noticing. Furthermore, their way of relating to us is very rich: they meow in different tones, stare at us, blink slowly (their feline "kiss"), lie on their backs to show us trust, and rub against us vigorously when they want attention.
On the other hand, let me tell you that more and more health centers, residences, and psychological practices are incorporating the cat-therapy or cat-assisted therapy. The felines they are an excellent companyThis is something that all of us who have one with us know, but that all those people who benefit from this type of intervention also know.
Older people or those who live alone find in these furry friends a companion to trust and care for; and this undoubtedly does them a lot of good, as they feel useful again. and above all, dearFurthermore, in children and adults with autism spectrum disorders, contact with cats has been observed to be beneficial. facilitates communicationIt reduces repetitive behaviors and improves the ability to interpret the emotional tone of the voice, thanks to the increase in oxytocin, a hormone closely linked to social relationships and attachment.
General characteristics of the domestic cat
Besides its history as a predator and companion to humans, the domestic cat presents a number of character traits and behavior which make it unique compared to other pets. Some of the most outstanding characteristics are:
- IndependientCats are capable of organizing much of their day on their own. Although they need care, they can rest, explore, and play without requiring constant attention every minute, making them ideal companions for people with little time.
- CuriousEverything new catches their attention. They explore bags, boxes, furniture, and every corner of the house. This curiosity is part of their instinct to explore and their need to... mental stimulation.
- Agile and flexibleTheir spine and musculature allow them to jump great heights, twist in the air, and land gracefully. They are highly coordinated animals, capable of moving between objects without knocking them over.
- AffectionateAlthough every cat is different, many cats seek physical contact. They sit on laps, purr when petted, and follow their primary caregiver around the house.
- TerritorialThey need a space they consider their own. They mark with pheromones by rubbing their bodies, may scratch surfaces to leave visual and olfactory signals, and in some cases, use urine to demarcate areas.
- Great sense of smellThey have a highly developed sense of smell, which they use to recognize other cats, people, and objects. This is key to their social life and their perception of their environment.
These characteristics explain why many people feel that cats have a kind of "human personality": self-sufficient, selective with his relationshipsVery loyal to their family and somewhat aloof with strangers. This balance between independence and affection is precisely one of the reasons why cats continue to win over homes around the world.
Physical and health benefits of having a cat
Much has been said about the benefits of having a cat—or several—living with us in our home, but in addition to personal experience, Science has also taken an interest Because of these advantages. Studies with thousands of participants have shown that sharing your life with a feline can improve various aspects of physical health.
I also speak from personal experience: I got my first cat when I was 10, and today I share my life with several felines and actively participate in the care of a colony. This daily coexistence has shown me firsthand many of the effects that are now supported by scientific studies.
Stress and blood pressure reduction
Petting cats reduces levels of cortisol (a stress-related hormone). The simple act of running your hand through their fur, feeling their temperature, and noticing their calm breathing has a regulating effect on our nervous system. Furthermore, physical contact with cats is believed to increase the production of [a hormone] in humans. theta waves cerebral, which usually occur in states of relaxation and deep calm.
Living with a cat has also been associated with a lower blood pressure They also have a better cardiac response to stressful situations. Several studies have observed that people who share their lives with cats have a lower risk of developing certain cardiovascular diseases.
Heart protection and reduced cardiovascular risk
In a study with thousands of participants who had or currently had a pet, it was found that those who lived with cats had less chance of suffering heart attacks and other serious cardiovascular events compared to those who had never owned cats. Interestingly, living with dogs did not show the same protective association in those specific data points.
In summary, the combined effect of less stress, more stable blood pressure, and a greater sense of calm translates into a heart more protectedHugging a cat, listening to its purr, and feeling its presence transforms the home into a refuge where the cardiovascular system can "let its guard down."
Purring as a healing vibration
After observing several domestic and wild felines, it has been found that the purr It occurs at a frequency between 20 and 140 Hz, with 20-50 Hz being the most common frequency in domestic cats. This sound vibration stimulates the tissue healingespecially in injuries affecting tendons and muscles, and helps to increase bone density.
In practice, purring is one of the best anti-stress that I know. Just watch your friend while he's resting and gently stroke him, being careful not to wake him. His purring might even get louder. Little by little, you'll start to feel better. But besides the emotional effect, these vibrations are similar to those used in ultrasound therapies to accelerate the recovery of bone and muscle injuries.
Improved immune system and fewer minor illnesses
Some studies that have followed people before and after bringing a pet into the home have observed that, during the first few months of living with cats or dogs, their owners report fewer minor health problemssuch as mild colds or nonspecific discomfort. At the same time, they score better on general health questionnaires.
It is believed that the emotional bond with the animal, the feeling of companionship, and the positive emotions generated by contact with the pet contribute to a more balanced immune systemLoving a cat, receiving its caresses, and sharing moments of play seems to strengthen our defenses in a subtle but constant way.
Prevention of allergies and asthma in childhood
If you don't currently have a cat and are considering bringing one into your life, and there are also children at home or you're thinking of having them, you'll be interested to know this: several studies suggest that small children who live with a cat They develop better skills from a very early age. immunological tolerance to feline allergens.
In other words, controlled, daily exposure to cat hair and dander can help a child's immune system "learn" to live with these substances without overreacting. This has been observed to reduce the risk of developing [unclear - possibly "cancerous conditions" or "cancerous diseases"]. allergies and asthma in childhood in those homes where there is a pet, especially if cohabitation begins in the early years of life.
Emotional and psychological benefits of having a cat
Beyond physical health, cats have an enormous capacity for influence our mood and in how we manage our daily emotions. Science has also studied this effect, and the results perfectly match what cat owners experience every day.
Constant companionship and emotional support
When you're sad, when you need someone to just be with, let your cat be with you. Let it spend time with the person it loves most in the world. We are never alone with a catMany surveys of owners reveal that a majority feel that their cat is there when they need it most and that simply thinking about it comforts them.
Watching your cat approach, lie down beside you, and purr creates a feeling of calm and security It's very difficult to explain in words. Knowing that there is someone who trusts you, who depends on you, and who accepts you unconditionally is a great support in times of uncertainty, grief, or life changes.
Reduction of anxiety, stress, and feelings of loneliness
Whenever you're experiencing a tense moment, he'll notice, and that's when he might start urinating outside the litter box or doing things he's not supposed to do. When you find yourself in this situation, what you need to do is identify the problem and try to understand your friend. Remember that any change, however small, that occurs in your life... will influence your relationship with your cat.
At the same time, the cat's mere presence helps regulate your emotions: petting it, watching it play, or simply seeing it sleep peacefully reduces levels of stress, anxiety, and worry. Various studies have shown that the companionship of a cat... relieves symptoms of psychological distress and helps to cope better with daily life.
Coming home to find it not empty also greatly changes how you feel. You can talk to your cat, tell them about your day, and feel that there's someone listening, even if they don't respond with words. Research has concluded that the companionship of these felines can to meet certain social needs in a similar way to how human relationships work, especially among people who live alone.
Support for dealing with depression and improving self-esteem
Cats, and pets in general, keep you busy. They are a responsibility because their well-being depends on you taking care of them. As you know, depression feeds on apathy (lack of interest or motivation to do things), but having a cat and seeing its needs forces you to be active. do things even when you don't feel like it.
If you're depressed and don't feel like going out to buy food, your cat will ask for it, and even if you don't do it for yourself, you'll end up doing it for them. This helps to boost your energy and reduce the effects of depression, as well as prevent it, since if we feel comfortable with our pets, we're less likely to suffer from this disorder. The release of oxytocin and serotonin Being around a cat brings calm, well-being, and facilitates better sleep at night.
Furthermore, because they need you, you feel you are taking care of them and, as a result, you feel useful, so your self-concept (what we think of ourselves) and the Self esteem (The affection we feel towards ourselves) increases. A cat that comes to greet you, rubs against your legs, and seeks you out to sleep beside you reminds you every day that you are important to someone.
More laughter, more joy, and more overall well-being
Another advantage of having a cat is that they are adorable little animals, but also very funny. They often brighten up the day with their skills, antics, games, frights, and clumsy moments. Because they are easily startled, they have reactions that make us laugh, and watching them entertain themselves while we laugh is something that really lifts our spirits. happiness hormones.
A survey of thousands of people showed that watching videos or looking at photos of cats increased positive emotions (happiness, hope, etc.) in the viewer, as well as boosting their energy levels. Imagine, then, the effect of having a real cat at home: every day you're guaranteed a dose of laughter, just by watching it chase a piece of fluff, hide in a box, or misjudge a jump.
Cats teach you to live in the present
Although it may seem strange, they teach you a lot about life. We are very used to thinking about the past or the future, but animals They only think about the present.Right now. The days that are gone will not return, and those yet to come have not yet arrived, so there is no point in worrying so much.
If you observe, a cat fully enjoys a nap in the sun, watching birds from the window, or a play session with you. It's not concerned with the clock or endless to-do lists. Little by little, living with a feline invites you to slow downto meditate almost without realizing it, to value moments of calm and to understand that many times it is enough to simply be, without doing anything else.
Right now, you have a cat who adores you and only wants what's best for you. In his own way, at his own pace, and according to his own rules, this little furry master can become your best guide to reconnecting with yourself and what truly matters.
Benefits of having a cat for children and family
If there are children at home—or you plan to have them—sharing your life with a cat can have very positive effects on their development. physical and emotional developmentIt's not just about having a living stuffed animal to play with: a cat teaches very important values, skills, and responsibilities.
- LiabilityBy participating in tasks such as changing the water, putting out the food or brushing the cat, children learn that there are beings that depend on their care.
- EmpathyLiving with an animal that has its own tastes, fears, and limits teaches you to put yourself in the other person's shoes. respect the signs of discomfort or tiredness.
- Self esteemFeeling that the cat chooses them to play or sleep with, or that it calms down with their caresses, reinforces the feeling that they are valuable and capable of caring.
- less allergiesAs we have discussed, early exposure to cats has been linked to a lower risk of allergies and asthma in childhood.
In addition, many parents note that their children become calmer, more patient, and more observant when they grow up with a cat, because they spend time watching how it behaves, interpreting its body language, and trying to "understand" what it means by each meow.
Practical advantages of living with a cat
Beyond the emotional and health aspects, cats also offer very practical advantages that fit well with the current lifestyle of many people.
- They adapt well to apartments and small spacesThey don't need a big garden to be happy; with a safe home, high places to climb and daily play, they can live perfectly well in an apartment.
- Relatively low maintenanceThey clean themselves, use their litter box, and can spend several hours quietly while you work, as long as they have enough water, food, and stimulation.
- Pest controlAlthough many cats today do not hunt out of necessity, their mere presence and smell can deter rodents and insects from getting too close to your house.
- Moderate costsIn general, and always respecting veterinary visits and a quality diet, their maintenance is usually simpler than that of other companion species that require additional services (walkers, frequent grooming, etc.).
All of this makes a cat a great option for people with tight schedules, those who live in the city, or those who need companionship but can't dedicate hours a day to long walks. ideal partner.
Finally, we end with a very beautiful phrase, said by the well-known and enigmatic painter Leonardo da Vinci, who said: «the smallest cat is a masterpiece"Each cat is a miniature universe: an elegant predator, a sensitive companion, a silent therapist, and a life teacher who, with their mere presence, transforms our home and our way of being in the world."