La epilepsy in cats It is a neurological disease that, although not one of the most common in felines, is worrying for owners when it manifests itself. This disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of seizures caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the neurons of the brain. These crises, when not treated in time, can significantly affect the quality of life of the cat.
If you've been wondering how to detect, manage and care for a cat with epilepsy, this article provides detailed information on the symptoms and symptoms of epilepsy. Symptoms, diagnosis and necessary care to ensure your pet lives as full a life as possible.
What is feline epilepsy?
Epilepsy in cats is a neurological disorder that presents with recurrent seizures. These seizures are the result of a abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Epilepsy can be classified mainly into two types:
- Idiopathic epilepsy: Also known as primary epilepsy, it has no apparent cause and is usually related to genetic or hereditary factors.
- Secondary epilepsy: It is the result of an identifiable cause, such as brain injury, infection, poisoning, tumor, or other metabolic disorders.
Depending on the cause, we can also classify epilepsy into idiopathic (without identifiable cause) or cryptogenic (when an underlying disease is suspected but has not been able to be identified).
Symptoms of epilepsy in cats
The manifestation of epilepsy symptoms can vary considerably between cats. Below we detail some of the symptoms. most common signs:
- Seizures: These can be generalized (affecting the entire body) or partial (limited to one part of the body).
- Muscular stiffness: During the seizure, the cat may become completely rigid.
- Hyperventilation: Rapid, labored breathing during seizures.
- Unconsciousness: In more severe crises, the cat may lose consciousness.
- Loss of balance: It is common for affected cats to have difficulty walking or standing after the episode.
- Hypervigilance or nervousness: Before the crisis, some cats may appear disoriented or display strange behavior such as hiding or desperately seeking company.
In addition to these obvious symptoms, epileptic cats may experience phenomena such as aura phase, where they give pre-attack signals, and the postictal phase, in which exhaustion and disorientation are observed after the seizure.
Diagnosing epilepsy in cats
Diagnosing feline epilepsy requires a thorough evaluation by your veterinarian. Tests that are typically performed include:
- Physical and neurological examination: To determine possible signs of injury or abnormalities.
- Blood and urine tests: They help rule out infections, poisoning or metabolic disorders.
- Imaging tests: Such as X-rays, MRIs or CT scans, useful for diagnosing brain tumors or malformations.
- Cerebrospinal fluid analysis: Indicated in cases where meningitis or brain infection is suspected.
An accurate diagnosis is essential to determine the cause of the seizures and plan the most appropriate treatment. It is also important to keep a detailed log of the crises, including their duration and symptoms, since this information will be very useful for the veterinarian.
Treatment of epilepsy in cats
Treatment varies depending on whether the epilepsy is idiopathic or secondary, as well as the severity and frequency of the seizures. most common options are included:
- Anti-seizure drugs: Medications such as phenobarbital or potassium bromide are the most common. It is essential to administer them under veterinary supervision, adjusting the dose according to the cat's response.
- Treatment of underlying diseases: If seizures are secondary to an infection, tumor, or poisoning, treating the underlying cause is key to reducing the frequency of attacks.
- Diet changes: A balanced and specific diet can be beneficial in some cases.
- Complementary therapies: In specific cases, therapies such as acupuncture have shown positive results in reducing crises.
It is crucial to strictly follow your veterinarian's recommendations and not stop treatment without his or her knowledge, as this could worsen seizures or trigger more severe episodes.
Caring for a cat with epilepsy
Caring for an epileptic cat requires certain measures to ensure its safety. well-being and safety:
- Create a safe environment: Keep doors and windows closed, avoid leaving dangerous objects within reach and limit access to stairs.
- Avoid stress: Sudden changes in environment or routine can act as triggers for crises.
- Constant monitoring: Observe any changes in behavior or frequency of seizures to report to your veterinarian.
- Weight control and nutrition: A balance diet and appropriate to their needs is essential.
What not to do during an epileptic seizure
There are certain actions that, although well-intentioned, can be counterproductive during an epileptic seizure:
- Don't hold the cat: This could cause additional injury.
- Don't try to pull your tongue out: Cats are not at risk of swallowing it.
- Do not feed or water him: There is a risk of suffocation.
Prevention and quality of life
Although epilepsy cannot be prevented in all cases, there are measures that can help minimize the risks:
- Control your environment to avoid possible intoxications.
- Provides a diet rich in essential nutrients.
- Avoid access to dangerous places such as balconies or stairs.
With proper care and constant monitoring, a cat with epilepsy can live a long and happy life, even reaching 20 years of age. If you suspect that your cat may have this condition, consult a veterinarian as soon as possible to receive the necessary treatment and resolve any questions you may have.