El Feline Calicivirus It is a highly contagious viral disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract of cats. Although it is considered a kind of "cat flu", its severity can vary from mild cases to severe clinical pictures, especially in young, immunosuppressed, or unvaccinated cats.
In this article, we will explain everything you need to know about calicivirus in cats, from how to identify the first symptom, going through the causes of transmission, up to the treatment options.
What is feline calicivirus and how does it affect cats?
Feline calicivirus belongs to the family Caliciviridae, and it is a virus that can mutate quite easily, giving rise to multiple strains. These strains cause varying degrees of severity in symptoms and complicate diagnosis and control. Although many cats recover without problems, others can be chronically affected and, in the worst cases, even die.
The symptoms caused by calicivirus can be confused with other respiratory infections, such as feline herpesvirus infection. This makes it especially important to observe any signs of deterioration in the cat.
Symptoms of feline calicivirus
Feline calicivirus initially manifests with respiratory symptoms similar to a common cold in humans. However, there are more specific signs that should be closely monitored:
- Oral ulcerations: One of the most characteristic symptoms of calicivirus is ulcers in the mouth, especially on the tongue and palate. These small sores can be extremely annoying for the cat, causing loss of appetite.
- Red and inflamed eyes: Eye inflammation, accompanied by excessive tearing, is also common.
- Nasal congestion and sneezing: Cats may have profuse nasal discharge, which also affects their sense of smell and reduces their appetite.
- Fever and apathy: Especially in more severe cases, fever can be an important indicator of infection.
- Transient lameness: Some cats may experience what is known as “lameness syndrome,” a joint inflammation that occurs in an alternating fashion.
How is feline calicivirus transmitted?
Calicivirus is found in the oral, nasal and ocular secretions of infected cats. It is transmitted in several ways:
- Direct contact: It is the most common route of infection, either through contact with the secretions of a sick cat or by sharing food or water bowls.
- Contaminated objects: The virus can survive in the environment for several days and even weeks on objects such as toys, blankets or beds.
- Human transport: People can also carry the virus on their hands or clothing after having contact with an infected cat.
Diagnosis and treatment of feline calicivirus
Calicivirus is usually diagnosed based on samples of oral or nasal secretions from the cat, as well as a clinical evaluation based on the cat's symptoms. In some cases, additional tests, such as blood tests or X-rays, may be needed, especially if viral pneumonia is suspected.
There is no specific treatment that eliminates calicivirus in cats.The therapeutic approach focuses on relieving symptoms, preventing secondary bacterial infections and supporting the cat's immune system:
- Antibiotics: Although they cannot kill the virus, antibiotics are used to treat secondary bacterial infections, which are common in cats weakened by the virus.
- Anti-inflammatories: They are used to relieve pain and reduce inflammation, especially in cases of arthritis or mouth ulcers.
- Hydration: Fluid therapy may be necessary in cats that do not consume enough fluids due to loss of appetite.
- Special diet: Offering warm, wet food helps stimulate appetite in cats with mouth ulcers.
Preventing Calicivirus in Cats
Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing calicivirus in cats. The feline trivalent vaccine, which protects against calicivirus, herpesvirus and parvovirus, is highly recommended by veterinarians.
However, it is important to remember that due to the multiple strains of the virus, the vaccine does not guarantee complete immunity, but it does help to make symptoms less severe in case of infection.
Other preventive measures include:
- Maintain proper hygiene of cat objects: feeders, beds and toys should be disinfected regularly.
- Avoid close contact with unknown cats, especially if there is suspicion that they may be sick.
- Consult your veterinarian if you notice any signs of illness, so that appropriate measures can be taken.
Calicivirus can be a serious condition in cats, especially vulnerable ones. Early diagnosis, symptom control, and vaccination are the best tools to combat this disease and prevent its spread. Whenever you notice any warning signs, visit your veterinarian to ensure your feline's well-being.