Cats, like many other mammals, have a few anal sacs Located on either side of their anus, usually at the 4 and 8 o'clock positions. These sacs contain a very strong-smelling fluid that is most often expelled naturally during defecation or exercise. These fluids are thought to have been used by their ancestors to mark territory or as a defense against enemies. Although they tend to play a much less important role today than in other species, domestic cats also possess these glands.
How do anal sac problems affect cats?
Although most cats expel fluid from their anal sacs without any major problems, occasionally these fluids can build up, which can result in health problems. When this happens, one of the first signs is that the cat will drag its bottom along the floor repeatedly, as if it has parasites. This behavior, known as "sledding," is one of the first signs that the anal sacs are not working properly.
Fluid buildup in the anal sacs can cause a infectionIf this happens, you will see the cat tirelessly licking the anal area, accompanied by redness and obvious pain. In severe cases, the infection can generate an abscess that, when broken, will release a bloody or yellowish-brown liquid. This condition can lead to the formation of fistulas, small wounds in the anus that do not heal properly. In addition to this, the cat may develop a large inflammation in the affected area, which will cause intense pain when defecating.
Anal gland infections
The anal gland infections These are relatively common complications when the cat's digestive system is not emptied properly. They can appear as a consequence of other factors that affect the cat's digestive system, such as frequent diarrhea or constipation. In these cases, the glands do not release their contents naturally, causing the liquid to accumulate and thicken, favoring the development of bacteria.
Clinical signs of infection include rubbing the rear end against the ground, compulsive licking of the anal area, straining to defecate, and swelling, pain, or even bleeding in the anal area. If your cat begins to show any of these symptoms, it is important to see a veterinarian immediately to avoid further complications, such as abscesses or fistulas.
More serious complications: abscesses and tumors
One of the most serious problems that can appear in relation to the anal sacs is the formation of abscessesThese abscesses are accumulations of pus that form when the infection is very advanced. In some cases, abscesses can fistulize, that is, they can open and release pus to the outside, which can generate an open wound in the perianal area.
Abscesses and fistulas require medical treatment and, in some cases, surgical drainage of the affected gland may be necessary. Antibiotics are also frequently used in these cases to combat infection. In addition, in severe or chronic situations, surgical removal of the anal glands may be necessary.
If not treated properly, complications in the anal glands can even lead to the development of tumors, such as adenocarcinomas, an aggressive type of cancer often associated with the anal glands. Although rare in cats, early detection of any changes in the animal's behavior is essential to avoid complications.
Treatment: emptying the anal sacs
The most common treatment for anal gland complications is manual emptying of the anal sacs. This is done directly by applying pressure on the sacs to expel the accumulated fluid. Although there is the option of doing it at home, it is recommended that the veterinarian teaches you how to do it or perform it in his clinic to avoid harming the animal or worsening the situation.
In case of severe infections, the veterinarian may recommend the use of antibiotics to combat bacteria that form inside the sacs. In abscesses, surgical drainage may be necessary to remove accumulated pus and reduce inflammation.
If the problems recur frequently or are severe, your veterinarian may suggest surgical removal of the anal glands. This operation, known as sacculectomy, is a safe procedure for domestic cats, as they do not need their anal sacs for daily survival. However, like any surgery, it carries risks that will need to be assessed by your veterinarian.
Prevention: diet and care
FOR prevent problems When it comes to anal glands, it's important to take care of your cat's diet. A high-fibre diet can help the anal sacs empty naturally during defecation, reducing the risk of fluid build-up in them. In addition, maintaining a healthy weight and offering opportunities for your cat to get regular exercise can also be beneficial.
A good hygiene routine is also important. In cases of older cats or those with recurring problems, periodic manual emptying may be an option to consider to avoid complications. Similarly, regular visits to the vet will help detect any problems before they become serious.
Ultimately, the key to avoiding anal gland complications in cats is caution, observation, and ongoing care. If any signs of discomfort are detected early, treatment will be much simpler and less invasive.